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Obligasi

Obligasi adalah surat pinjaman yang dikeluarkan oleh pemerintah atau perusahaan swasta dan memiliki tingkat suku bunga tertentu
Perbedaannya dengan saham adalah orang yang memiliki saham ikut masuk dalam perusahaan sebagai jajaran pemilik saham, sedangkan obligasi tidak.

Berikut ini akan diuraikan beberapa istilah dalam obligasi, yaitu:
(1) Waktu jatuh tempo.
Yaitu waktu jatuh tempo obilasi yang disepakati oleh penerbit obligasi dan pemegang obligasi.
Nilai pokok obligasi harus lunas ketika jatuh tempo.
(2) Periode pembayaran obligsi
Waktu dimana penerbit obligasi membayarkan bunga (atau beserta angsurannya) kepada pemegang obilasi secara periodik sesuai dengan nilai kupon
(3) Face Value (FV)
Yakni nilai nominal obligasi yang ditawarkan penerbit obligasi. Sedangkan pemegang obligasi hanya membayar sejumlah harga obligasi yang besarnya dibawah FV
(4) Tarif kupon (YTM)
Nilai tarif (dalam persen) yang ditetapkan oleh penerbit obligasi

Rumus menentukan nilai suku bunga dan anuitas pada obligasi, sama seperti rumus pada pinjaman dengan sistim majemuk.

Untuk lebih jelsanya, ikutilah contoh soal berikut ini :
01. Seorang kreditur akan membeli selembar obligasi dengan nilai nominal sebesar Rp. 80.000.000 dan bunga 6% setahun, dengan periode pembayaran setiap 4 bulan untuk jangka waktu tertentu. Jika setiap periode tersebut, kreditur akan menerima keuntungan berbentuk bunga, maka tentukanlah besar bunga yang akan diterimanya seperti yang tertera pada nilai kupon
Jawab


02. Sebuah perusahaan menawarkan perjanjian obligasi kepada seorang kreditur dengan nilai nominal sebesar Rp. 100.000.000 dan bunga 8% setahun, dengan periode pembayaran setiap 6 bulan untuk jangka waktu tertentu. Jika setiap periode tersebut, kreditur akan menerima kembali uangnya dalam bentuk angsuran dan bunga, maka tentukanlah besar anuitas yang akan diterimanya tersebut
Jawab


Selain dalam bentuk bunga, pemegang obligasi akan menerima keuntungan lain dalam bentuk selisih nilai nominal obligasi (FV) dan harga obigasi
Harga obligasi adalah jumlah uang yang harus ditebus oleh pemegang obligasi sebagai harga dari selembar surat perjanjian obligasi.
Harga obligasi ini dibawah nilai nominal obligasi (FV)
Rumus menghitung Harga obligasi adalah


Untuk lebih jelasnya ikutilah contoh soal berikut ini:
03. Pak Amir berencana membeli surat pinjaman obligasi dari suatu perusahaan dengan nilai nominal sebesar Rp. 50.000.000 dan bunga 8% setahun, dengan periode pembayaran setiap 6 bulan untuk jangka waktu 3 tahun. Jika tarif kupon 16%, maka tentukanlah harga obligasi perusahaan tersebut yang harus ditebus pak Amir
Jawab


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