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Bunga Majemuk

Salah satu hal penting dalam matematika keuangan adalah perhitungan dalam simpan pinjam. Bentuk simpan pinjam ini terdiri dari usaha simpanan dan usaha pinjaman uang oleh badan atau perorangan.
Selanjutnya akan dibahas terlebih dahulu segala sesuatu yang berhubungan dengan simpanan uang oleh badan atau perorangan. Terdapat beberapa istilah penting dalam simpanan, yakni:

(1) Modal Simpanan adalah sejumlah dana yang diserahkan oleh pihak pemberi untuk digunakan dalam usaha dengan perjanjian tertentu.
Modal simpanan terdiri atas:
b. Modal Awal (Mo), yakni Besarnya uang simpanan yang diserahkan pada saat awal transaksi simpanan
a. Modal setelah periode ke-n (Mn) yakni Besarnya uang simpanan setelah periode tertentu sebagai akumulasi dari modal awal dan bunga simpanan.

(2) Bunga adalah sejumlah dana yang dibayarkan oleh pihak peminjam kepada pihak pemberi pinjaman sebagai kompensasi pinjaman yang besarnya disepakati bersama.
Bunga terdiri atas:
a. Bunga tahunan (p), yakni bunga yang perhitungannya dilakukan setiap tahun
b. Bunga per periode (b), yakni bunga yang perhitungannya dilakukan setiap periode tertentu dan kurang dari satu tahun

Untuk menghitung nilai suku bunga (dalam persen) setiap periode, ditentukan dengan rumus:

Dimana:
p adalah nilai suku bunga tahunan
t adalah jumlah periode dalam satu tahun
Untuk pemahaman lebih lanjut, ikutilah contoh soal berikut ini :
01. Pak Ahmad menyimpan uang di suatu bank sebesar Rp. 10.000.000 dengan sistem bunga majemuk sebesar 8% per tahun. Tentukan nilai suku bunga setiap periode jika frekwensi penggabungannya dilakukan setiap 3 bulan
Jawab


Perhitungan bunga biasanya dilakukan dengan system bunga majemuk, sehingga untuk menghitung Nilai Akhir Modal simpanan, ditentukan dengan rumus :


Untuk pemahaman lebih lanjut, ikutilah contoh soal berikut ini :
02. Pak Jaka menyimpan uang di bank Sejahtera sebesar Rp. 40.000.000. Bank ini menggunakan sistem bunga majemuk, dengan suku bunga sebesar 6% setahun dan penggabungan bunga dilakukan setiap triwulan. Berapakah nilai simpanan pak Jaka setelah selesai periode kedua?
Jawab


03. Ibu Susan menabung di sebuah bank swasta sebesar Rp. 12.000.000. Jika bank ini menerapkan sistem bunga majemuk 4% per tahun dengan periode pembungaan dilakukan setiap triwulan. Berapakah nilai simpanan Ibu Susan setelah 9 bulan ?
Jawab


04. Pak Jono menabung di sebuah bank swasta yang menggunakan sistem bunga majemuk 2% setahun, dan perhitungan bunganya setiap semester. Jika modal yang disetorkan pak Jono sebesar Rp. 10.000.000, tentukan besar tabungan pak Jono setelah 2,5 tahun
Jawab


Deposito adalah suatu sistem penyimpanan dana di bank, dimana nasabah terikat pada waktu pengambilan dana simpanan. Bunga deposito menerapkan sistem bunga majemuk dengan periode selama satu tahun atau dengan tabel khusus yang disiapkan pihak bank

Beberapa istilah dalam deposito:
1. Nilai akhir, adalah besarnya dana pada saat pengembalian
2. Nilai Tunai, adalah besarnya modal yang sisetorkan pada penyelenggara deposito
3. Hari Valuta, adalah hari disaat dilakukannya pengambilan dana.

Untuk pemahaman lebih lanjut, ikutilah contoh soal berikut ini :
05. Pak Rama mendepositokan sejumlah dana selama dua tahun dengan suku bunga majemuk 10% setahun. Jika pada hari valuta, pak Rama menerima uang sebesar Rp. 15.000.000, maka berapa nilai tunai yang disetorkan pak Rama ?
Jawab



06. Pak Amir mendepositokan uangnya di salah satu bank dengan bunga majemuk 8% pertahun sebesar Rp. 40.000.000 selama 2 tahun 6 bulan. Tentukan nilai akhir deposito pak Amir pada saat hari valuta
Jawab


07. 3,5 tahun lagi bu Arini ingin memiliki uang sejumlah Rp. 20.000.000. Untuk itu ia mendepositokan uangnya pada suatu bank dengan bunga majemuk 6% setahun untuk jangka waktu tersebut. Berapa nilai tunai yang disetorkan bu Arini agar keinginannya terwujud?
Jawab


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